psutil

psutil观察系统使用和运行情况

Posted by ZMY on March 26, 2021

psutil简介

psutil是一个开源切跨平台的库，其提供了便利的函数用来获取才做系统的信息，比如CPU，内存，磁盘，网络等。此外，psutil还可以用来进行进程管理，包括判断进程是否存在、获取进程列表、获取进程详细信息等。而且psutil还提供了许多命令行工具提供的功能，包括：ps，top，lsof，netstat，ifconfig， who，df，kill，free，nice，ionice，iostat，iotop，uptime，pidof，tty，taskset，pmap

程序结果展示

psutil使用目的

通过python脚本了解服务器的使用情况和一些基础参数，并自定义功能

psutil获取系统信息和参数

1.cpu

​ 核心数

​ 使用率

2.内存

​ 总量

​ 使用量

​ 空闲量

​ 使用率

3.磁盘

​ 各个分区挂载点使用情况和百分比

4.网络

​ 网卡对应网络信息

5.其他

​ 系统启动时间

​ 系统1，5，15分钟平均负载

​ 系统对外提供了哪些服务

psutil各功能代码的实现

1.cpu信息相关

def get_cpuinfo():
    physical_nums = psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
    logical_nums = psutil.cpu_count()
    cpu_percents = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
    return dict(physical_nums=physical_nums, logical_nums=logical_nums, cpu_percents=cpu_percents)

2.内存信息相关

def get_memoryinfo():
    virtual_mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
    mem_total = byte2human(virtual_mem.total)
    mem_used = byte2human(virtual_mem.used)
    mem_free = byte2human(virtual_mem.free + virtual_mem.buffers + virtual_mem.cached)
    mem_percent = virtual_mem.percent
    return dict(mem_total=mem_total, mem_used=mem_used, mem_free=mem_free, mem_percent=mem_percent)

3.磁盘信息相关

def get_diskinfo():
    data={}
    for i in psutil.disk_partitions():
        disk_usage = psutil.disk_usage(i.mountpoint)
        disk_total = byte2human(disk_usage.total)
        disk_used = byte2human(disk_usage.used)
        disk_free = byte2human(disk_usage.free)
        disk_percent = byte2human(disk_usage.percent)
        disk_mount = i
        data[i]={'disk_total':disk_total,'disk_used':disk_used,'disk_free':disk_free,'disk_percent':disk_percent}
    return data

4.网络信息相关

def get_netinfo():
    data={}
    for i,k in psutil.net_if_addrs().items():
        if len(k) >= 3:
            data[i] = k[0].address
    return data

5.其他信息相关

1）系统启动时间

def get_sysboottime():
    boot_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    return dict(boot_time=boot_time)

2）系统负载并判断运行状态是否良好

def get_sysload():
    sysload = psutil.getloadavg()
    return dict(sysload=sysload)

3）对外提供的端口和服务名

def get_port2service():
    data = {}
    for proc in psutil.process_iter():
        for x in proc.connections():
            if x.status == 'LISTEN' and x.laddr.ip not in ('127.0.0.1','::','::1'):
                if proc.name() not in data:
                  data[proc.name()]=[x.laddr.port]
                else:
                  data[proc.name()].append(x.laddr.port)
    return data

6.字节转换，方便理解

实际使用中可以发现有许多数据是以字节形式呈现的，不方便读取，因此写个方法将数值转换成K、M、G、T等人类方便理解的呈现方式

def byte2human(n):
    symbols = ('K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E')
    prefix = {}
    for i, k in enumerate(symbols):
        prefix[k] = 1<< (i+1) * 10
    for k in reversed(symbols):
        if n >= prefix[k]:
            value = float(n) / prefix[k]
            return '%.1f%s' % (value, k)
    return '%sB' % n

python脚本运行条件

1) 安装gcc编译器和python-devel安装包

2) 安装第三方库psutil,prettytable

# yum install gcc python-devel -y
# pip install psutil 
# pip install prettytable

程序代码

#! -*- encoding=utf-8 -*-
# author: ZhaiMingyu
# mail: 276622709@qq.com

from __future__ import print_function
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from __future__ import division
import psutil
import datetime, time
import prettytable as pt

def get_cpuinfo():
    physical_nums = psutil.cpu_count(logical=False)
    logical_nums = psutil.cpu_count()
    cpu_percents = psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1)
    return dict(physical_nums=physical_nums, logical_nums=logical_nums, cpu_percents=cpu_percents)

def get_memoryinfo():
    virtual_mem = psutil.virtual_memory()
    mem_total = byte2human(virtual_mem.total)
    mem_used = byte2human(virtual_mem.used)
    mem_free = byte2human(virtual_mem.free + virtual_mem.buffers + virtual_mem.cached)
    mem_percent = virtual_mem.percent
    return dict(mem_total=mem_total, mem_used=mem_used, mem_free=mem_free, mem_percent=mem_percent)

def get_diskinfo():
    data={}
    for i in psutil.disk_partitions():
        disk_usage = psutil.disk_usage(i.mountpoint)
        disk_total = byte2human(disk_usage.total)
        disk_used = byte2human(disk_usage.used)
        disk_free = byte2human(disk_usage.free)
        disk_percent = disk_usage.percent
        disk_mount = i.mountpoint
        data[disk_mount]={'disk_total':disk_total,'disk_used':disk_used,'disk_free':disk_free,'disk_percent':disk_percent}
    return data

def get_netinfo():
    data={}
    for i,k in psutil.net_if_addrs().items():
        if len(k) >= 3:
            data[i] = k[0].address
    return data

def get_sysboottime():
    boot_time = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(psutil.boot_time()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    return dict(boot_time=boot_time)

def get_sysload():
    sysload = psutil.getloadavg()
    return dict(sysload=sysload)

def get_port2service():
    data = {}
    for proc in psutil.process_iter():
        for x in proc.connections():
            if x.status == 'LISTEN' and x.laddr.ip not in ('127.0.0.1','::','::1'):
                if proc.name() not in data:
                  data[proc.name()]=[x.laddr.port]
                else:
                  data[proc.name()].append(x.laddr.port)
    return data

def byte2human(n):
    symbols = ('K', 'M', 'G', 'T', 'P', 'E')
    prefix = {}
    for i, k in enumerate(symbols):
        prefix[k] = 1<< (i+1) * 10
    for k in reversed(symbols):
        if n >= prefix[k]:
            value = float(n) / prefix[k]
            return '%.1f%s' % (value, k)
    return '%sB' % n

def main():
    print('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ cpu info ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
    gc = get_cpuinfo()
    tb1 = pt.PrettyTable()
    tb1.field_names = ['cpu核心数','cpu核心数(含超线程)','cpu使用率%']
    tb1.add_row([gc['physical_nums'],gc['logical_nums'],gc['cpu_percents']])
    print(tb1)
    print()

    print('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ memory info ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
    gm = get_memoryinfo()
    tb2 = pt.PrettyTable()
    tb2.field_names = ['内存总量','内存使用量','内存空间量','内存使用百分比']
    tb2.add_row([gm['mem_total'],gm['mem_used'],gm['mem_free'],gm['mem_percent']])
    print(tb2)
    print()

    print('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ disk info ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
    gd = get_diskinfo()
    tb3 = pt.PrettyTable()
    tb3.field_names = ['挂载点','容量','已用','可用','已用百分比']
    for i  in gd:
        tb3.add_row([i,gd[i]['disk_total'],gd[i]['disk_used'],gd[i]['disk_free'],gd[i]['disk_percent']])
    print(tb3)
    print()

    print('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ net info ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
    gn = get_netinfo()
    tb4 = pt.PrettyTable()
    column_names=['列表项']
    for i in range(len(gn)):
        column_names.append('')
    tb4.add_column(column_names[0],['网卡','IP'])
    num = 1
    for eth, ip_address in gn.items():
        tb4.add_column(column_names[num],[eth,ip_address])
        num += 1
    print(tb4)
    print()

    print('~~~~~~~~~~~系统启动时间~~~~~~~~~~~')
    gs = get_sysboottime()
    print('系统启动时间:%s' % gs['boot_time'])
    print()

    print('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~系统cpu负载~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
    sysload = get_sysload()
    print('cpu平均每分钟负载:%s  cpu平均5分钟负载:%s cpu平均15分钟负载:%s' % sysload['sysload'])
    if sysload['sysload'][2] < 0.7*gc['logical_nums']:
        print('cpu负载状况良好')
    elif 0.7*gc['logical_nums'] <= sysload['sysload'][2] < 1**gc['logical_nums']:
        print('cpu负载接近饱满')
    else:
        print('cpu负载过高')
    print()

    print('~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~系统对外提供的服务及端口~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~')
    gp = get_port2service()
    tb5 = pt.PrettyTable()
    column_names1=['列表项']
    num1 = 1
    for k in range(len(gp)):
        column_names1.append('')
    tb5.add_column(column_names1[0],['程序名','端口'])
    for proc, port in gp.items():
        tb5.add_column(column_names1[num1],[proc,port])
        num1 += 1
    print(tb5)


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

声明：本博客的原创文章，都是本人平时学习所做的笔记，转载请标注出处，谢谢合作。

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